A06

these are the notes i made about the results of my sample survey about the Olympic games and how affective the target audience thought the cuts would be.

Q1.  

By these results, I can see that the majority of my sample audience disagree with the Governments decision to cut the Public Services. This is due to the fact that the public services affect how society works on a daily basis.

Q2.

 By this Pie chart result, I can see that around 60% of my sample survey thought the cuts will affect the Public Services response at the Olympic Games. This is because the Armed Forces and Navy will be protecting the Olympic Games from any major threats such as terrorism the police and stewards will be in control of crowd trouble.

 Q3.

This bar chart shows that the majority of my sample audience agree that the British Public Services are good enough to control the crowds at the Olympic Games. This is because the public services work effectively together in many big events such as football matches, Wimbledon, the Jubilee. 

Q4.

AO3- Animal Testing

Animal testing

Arguments for and against animal testing

Drugs

For

“British law says that any new drug used for medicine must be tested on at least two different types of live mammal. One of these must be a large non-rodent type animal”.

In the UK, laws protect all lab animals from cruelty during testing and all labs are inspected regularly to make sure that the tests are being carried out properly.

Animal testing has helped to develop vaccines against diseases like measles, rabies and mumps it has also helped to develop drugs to fight the effects of HIV and cancer rely on animal tests to find new treatments. Operations on animals have helped to develop organ transplant and open-heart surgery techniques.

Against

An animal's response to a drug can be different to a human's and the stress the animals experience in the lab such as staying in a cage, can affect the test results.  Therefore the tests can seem pointless as the drugs/ products could have different effects to a human than an animal.

Also testing drugs on animals can affect the animal’s health on a long term effect.

It presents a bad role model as if people see animals being tested for experiments; it might promote other people using animals for dangerous test of their own.  

There are many other ways to test product without the use of animals, for example:

• Taking human tissue samples and testing the drugs on them in a test tube.
• Carrying out experiments using computer models and programmes.
• Looking at large numbers of statistics.

Animal researchers say that it will be impossible to stop all animal tests, however most scientists accept that it is extremely important to minimise the suffering of laboratory animals, and to use as few animals as possible. This could result in the same animals being used over and over again, leading to a poor quality of life for these test animals.

Other Products

For

Other products are tested on Animal to ensure that they are safe to be used on for humans or to be used by them.  These products are: 

• Household products
• Agricultural chemicals
• Industrial chemicals
• Pesticides
• Paint
• Food additives

Using these product on animals will be an advantage as we will be able to see what reaction the chemicals make on the animal to see if they are safe for humans to use such as perfume, house products etc.

Against

Using other products such as paint, perfume is wrong to use on animals as because they are new product, the results are unknown and therefore could harm the animals. It’s not fair that animals have to be used as pawns because the scientists are not brave enough to test the products themselves.

There is no purpose for using paint on animals as animal react differently to chemicals as we do, therefore using paint on animal will have no benefit on the human race.

AO5- My Survey explained

The theme of my sample survey is the Olympic Games and what affects the cuts to the Public Services will have on the way its run.
The target audience for my survey sample is Teachers and Members of Staff at Culverhay School.

I have used a range of different types of questions such as open and closed, Rank order and Likert Scale questions. this is because i wanted different types of results from different questions.

I wanted to see what the publics reaction to the Governments cuts were and what importance the Olympics has on our society and how proud we are to be hosting the olympics.


this is the link to my survey via survey monkey

http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/73QSBFN

this is the print sceen of my results

AO5- QUESTIONNAIRE IDEAS FOR OLYMPIC GAMES

Do you agree with the Government's decisions to cut the public services budget?

At the Olympic Games, do you think the public services will be over stretched?

Do you think the cuts will affect the effectiveness of the police force at the Olympic Games?

On a rank of 1-6 (1 being most important) which Public service do you rank as most important and least important to the Olympic Games?

• Police
• Fire Service 
• Ambulance
• Army 
• Navy 
• RAF 

In you opinion, will the Effectiveness of the Public Services benefit how the Olympic Games are held and why?

The Police service work efficiently on a daily basis and are capable of working at the Olympic Games?
Agree                               Neutral                                    Disagree
 1           2          3       4       5      6     7     8        9             10

AO4- Interview Location and Recording Methods

Recording Methods
when your listening to a speaker and recording the conversation, there are many different challenges and methods you will come up against.
Challenges

• the speed in which people speak at is quicker than what people wirte at.
• you need to be able to write quickly whilst making sense
• you need to be able to listening to what they are saying whilst writing down what they have already said.
• also if you are listening to them as well as writing, you can muddle up what you want to write down with what is being said.

Methods

• to write in short hand.
• to set a focus from what is being said.
• to listen to key facts
• practise multi tasks

Location
 The location of the interview is important as the surroundings around the interview can set the scene at act as a distraction.
For example, if there is only an interviewer and an interviewee in a room, the interviewee can focus on the interviewer and will be able to hear him clearly without being distracted.
Where as a outdoor interview can lead to distractions such as passers by, cars, the weather (rain, wind, hail etc). 
The location of the interview can also depend on the seriousness of the interview.


A04

Interview Planning

Interviewer: Nathan Baker	Interviewee: George Bean
Date: 15th March 2012	Time:
Location: Culverhay School	Recording Method: video recorder paper
Topic: Holiday in America
Consent Statement (To be completed by Interviewer, and to include confidentiality, anonymity, use of data, protecting the rights of the interviewee) The information received from this interview is only for unit 16 Research skills and will not be passed on to a 3rd party. The information from this interview will not be passed on to anyone else unless given the permission from the interviewee. If the interviewee wishes to remain anonymous then his name will not be used during the interview.
Signed (interviewer)_________	Signed (interviewee)_________

Questions

1.       Did you enjoy your holiday in the USA?

Answer- yes it was the best thing i have ever done

Who did you go with?

Answer- i went with my mum, dad, brother, 2 cousins and girlfreind

Where did you stay? hotel above times square

·         What was the living condition like?

Answer- from the outside it looked dodgey, but from the inside it was the cleanest and best hotel he had been to

it was much different to england as it was packed every day and felt as though everyone was in a rush

2.       Was it more of a relaxing holiday or a sight seeing holiday?

 Answer- it was a sight seeing holiday

3.       What major attractions did you visit?

Answer- stood on top of empire states building, went on a ferry to the statue of liberty, walked over the Brooklyn bridge, went into central park.

·         which one did you have more interest in? 

Answer- the empire state building  

·         why? because he went to the top of the building at night time and he could see all of New York lit up.

4.       What was the highlight of the holiday and why?

Answer-the Broadway show as he could then say to people i have been to see a broadway show

5.       Before you went on holiday what was your opinion on America?

 Answer- it was he dream to go to America.

6.       How friendly would you say the American people were?

 they people were more confident and freindly

7.       Did you meet any American families that you got on well with?

Answer- no

·         Why do you think you got on well with them

8.       Has your opinion changed since your visit?

Answer- yh he always thought america was good but when he got there it was better than he expected

9.       Have you learned anything about America that you didn’t know before?

Answer-he thought the food propertions were massive but when he got there he found they were no bigger than one in the UK.

10.   Did you notice any difference between their culture differences between the ENGLAND and USA, for example food, shops etc.

Answer-yh again the american people were more confident and the shop sizes in america were way bigger than the ones in the UK and had a bigger selection of items.

Ask another question depending on his answer  (why was it different)

11.   Would you visit there again?

Answer- yh

·         Why

Answer- because its one of the best things he has ever done 

·         Is there anywhere else in US that you would like to visit

 Answer- Las Vegas, because of all the attractions and LA because it another major city

12.   Would you like to live in Manhattan?

Answer- yh, every other holiday i have been on i have said i wouldnt like to live there but in mahatten i would

·         Why? has this been influenced by you holiday

Answer- yh it has

13.    And finally, do you think that you could adapt to living in America?

Answer- yh

·         Why?

 Answer- although the changes are different, you dont really notice them.

I have chosen to use a structured method so that I have questions planned so there is no stall in the interview. I want a friendly approach to the interview and therefore I want to stick to certain questions that he will be happy to talk about rather than random unstructured questions which he might get offended by. 

However in need to make it look as though I seem interested, therefore I will need to ask some unstructured questions about his answers so that he realises I’m listening.

Paper and a video.

I will use a video recorder because I can listen back to the interview to see if I was speaking loud and clear so that I can learn from my mistakes in the future. Also I would like to what uses of body language I used. For example how I was sat, did I smile, laugh, did I keep eye contact, was I sat relaxed or tensed up?

I will use paper recording to jot down any key notes so that George knows I’m listening  because I am writing down his answers.

Because it has recently happened and it is fresh in George’s mind.

As a friend I can listen to some of his stories.

AO4 Examples of Behaviour in Interviews

i have been analysing how different types of behaviour, such as body language, eye contact, facial expressions, tone of voice etc. effective how a interview is taken.
this depends on the answers required from the interview, for example, positive behaviour would show friendship whilst negative would show a serious approach.

there are many individual differences that set the scene for an interview.
For example, for a positive and friendly interview, i have looked at an interview between Jonathan Ross(interviewer) and Will Smith (interviewee)
the  location is a key factor in this interview as its in a studio on live TV for entertainment. so there is a freindly approach to the interview as he has been asked to come in to talk to about sentimental subjects in this case his movies.
this would make the interviewee feel more comfortable and relaxed as they are talking about subject they have pride and  interest in.
Johnathan Ross has good positioning skills as he invites his interviewee's to sit on a sofa and feel comfortable.

body language
Jonathan  Ross used laughter, and cracked jokes in order to make the interview comfortable and seem confident and relaxed. He also reinforced his questions by nodding his head, using hand gestures as he spoke and adding little inputs to Will Smiths answers to make it seem as though he was interested.

Tone of voice
Ross used a light tone of voice as this portrays and friendly and happy approach to interview.

Eye contact
JR kept eye contact with WS when they were speaking, however, only for around 6 seconds at a time so that it didn't feel as though he was staring at him which cuould have made him feel nervous or intimidated

Facial Expressions
smiles to make the interview seem freindly and to show that he was listening

AO3- Definitions

Confidential

"Trusted with private information and the confidence of another (of information) given in confidence or in secret; denoting confidence or intimacy; the level of official classification for documents next above restricted and below secret"

An example of confidentiality would be when someone goes to see a GP or a Doctor and get given back bad information such as cancer, or STD's. If that person didn't want to tell anyone about this, than they have the right to keep the information to themselves. The Doctor or GP are not allowed to share the information with family members or friends of their client    

Privacy

 

 “The ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively”.

 “The state of being free from intrusion or disturbance in one's private life or affairs: the right to privacy”.

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/privacy

An example of Privacy would be if a celebrity had given the press/ Paparazzi their consent to take pictures at their wedding. the press are then not allowed go to the celebrity's home and take pictures of them with their children etc because they were given their consent before. 

Anonymity

it is important that research is confidential because some research shouldn't be shared with other unless given consent, for example news from a GP. this is because everybody has the right and the privacy to keep information to themselves. Also important information or documents can give away vital information about someone for example bank details. therefore people do not have the right to give information about somebody to anyone else.

“The quality or state of being unknown or unacknowledged”http://www.answers.com/topic/anonymity#ixzz1j9XzBAU1 

An example of Anonymity is when vote is happening between two people ( two school candidates voting to be head boy). if both candidates were friends of their class mates, than the students could vote for one of their friends without stating their name  so that both of the candidates wouldn't know who they had voted foron to vote for them without the other Friends feeling bad because they didn't vote for them.

AO2-different reaserch methods

Assessment Objective Two

Aims and Objectives

Analyse a range of different research methods

How will the assessment take place?

l  Completion of six worksheets. One for each of the following methods of research:

1.      Experiments

2.      Surveys

3.      Case Studies

4.      Observations- (participant / non participant)

5.      Questionnaires using rating systems e.g. Likert scale

6.      Interviews- Formal and informal

l  For each method of research you will comment on:

o   Overview of the method

o   Advantages and disadvantages

o   Examples of when it can be used in public services

o   Provide evidence of its use.

Grading

Pass

Candidates identify different types of research methods and provide a

simple analysis of each. They demonstrate a limited understanding

of the relevant methodology, its key concepts and its usage.

Merit

Candidates identify different types of research methods and provide a clear

analysis of each. They demonstrate a good understanding of the relevant

methodology, its key concepts and its usage.

Distinction

Candidates identify different types of research methods and provide a

detailed analysis of each. They demonstrate an excellent understanding of the relevant methodology, its key concepts and its usage

Experiments

Overview:

Definition Research  method for testing different assumptions (hypotheses) by trial and error under conditions constructed and controlled by the researcher. Source: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/experiment.html The Forensic Science service experiment on people or dead bodies to determine the outcome of the event. For example they can search people or crime scenes for DNA, hair, blood, fingerprints, gun residue etc. to collect evidence to put together what happened. This would be done by hiring experts to examine the crime scenes. The data is presented by the experts determining what happened by collecting evidence to back up there research/ data.

Advantages:

The advantages of experiments are that experts can examine bodies/ cases that happened years ago to determine what happened. The evidence they gain only these experts can use to obtain answers such as peoples blood, DNA, Hair, Fingerprints etc. They can place people at the scene. More reliable as forensic experts are advancing their technology. Can find clues even if they have be cleaned for example blood, gun residue etc.

Disadvantages:

The cost of the experts The time it takes to perform all the tests The need to have a suspect and DNA from the suspect to match any evidence found They need to place people at the scene at the right time. For example if there was a murder in an alleyway. If an innocent person had walked own the alley before the murder ad dropped a hair or touch a wall etc. then the forensics would find there Fingerprints or hair and then the [person would have to prove their innocence. Remains could be missing and therefore damage the research. If the crime was one from the past its hard to recall the incident.

Usage:

At crime scenes Murders Rapes Gun shootouts Riots Car Crashes

Example of use:

Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman two 10-year-old Girls famous for wearing Manchester United shirts went missing in August 2002 after spending the day at Holly’s home in Soham.  Forensic experts, police and family members search for the missing girls. After 13 days the hunt ended with the girls’ bodies being found dead.  On 17 August 2002, the FSS was asked to examine clothing including partially burnt Manchester United football shirts found in a bin at the hangar at Soham college. Two scientists went to examine the hangar and the bins. The bin was packaged and brought back to the Huntingdon lab. As well as the Manchester United tops there were tracksuit bottoms, underwear and shoes belonging to both girls. Surface debris, including hairs and fibres, was recovered from inside and outside the bin including hairs and fibres. The clothing was screened for the presence of blood, saliva and semen. Many items had been fire damaged and some had melted into a mass. After thousands of hours of research over a 14-month period scientists from the FSS examined 40,000 fibres and eventually were able to link hairs from Ian Huntley along with fibres from his clothing and his house to the Manchester United football shirts worn by both girls on the last day they were seen. They were also able to link fibres from the football shirts to Ian Huntley’s house and items of his clothing. Of the 40,000 fibres examined, the FSS was able to provide the evidence of a two-way transfer of 154 fibres between Huntley’s clothing and carpets, and the Manchester United football shirts and tracksuit bottoms of the girls. Ian Huntley, a school caretaker at the school the girls attended was found guilty at the Old Bailey in December 2003 of the murders of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman and was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Surveys

Overview:

Definition: “A survey is a data collection tool used to gather information from individuals to determine an outcome”. Source: http://www.about.com/surveys   a survey is a range of questions based on a specific topic to gain results about that topic. The questions can range from anything.

Advantages:

The advantages of a survey are that: They give a vast range of answers The questions can be based on anything The questions can be on any subject The gain views from the public so that they can see how the public feel and think about policies etc. They give people an overview of what they are accesses. The target audience for the surveys can be anyone from under 16’s to over 50’s etc. Changes can be made based on the results in order to advance and make things better.

Disadvantages:

The time it takes to make a survey so that the questions are relevant to the answers required The time it takes for people to answer the survey as the survey will need a lot of questions to get the right data. The time it takes to present the data and make sure they put it to scale correctly Need to ask the correct percentage of people so that they are reliable. If they only asked 500 people about a subject, they cannot say that “the majority of the UK” as they have only asked 500 people and there are 69 million people in the UK   Some people don’t always want to answer the survey and may answer them as a joke. People don’t always like answering questions about personal subjects

Usage:

To gain views from the public about crime, the police etc. To gain the views of colleagues from a workplace etc.

Example of use:

A survey from the police to gain views from the public about crime concerns in their neighbourhood.

Case Studies

Overview:

Definition: “Case studies typically examine the interplay of all variables in order to provide as complete an understanding of an event or situation as possible”. Source: http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/casestudy/pop2a.cfm

Advantages:

Primary and secondary information Lots of information so content is easy to gather. Insight into an event so that people can get an idea of what happened during the event Informative Results, learn from mistakes  (CRB check) Changes in policy etc. to make a better future. Lots of sources so that text is reliable. Easy to access as internet is easy to use, also find articles in local libraries, can ask witnesses who were there. Information is usually in one place therefore its easy and quick to collect the data Used by all members of the public services so there are lots of different case studies.

Disadvantages:

Time to compile, takes a long time to gather all the information and put it together   Lots of sources some unreliable therefore could be misleading or make you take longer searching for the text. Contradict if based on opinions. Time it takes to find the best sources and find the correct amount of information. Too many sources, therefore takes too long to find the right source There is no limit into what is put onto the internet therefore you can be put onto unwanted websites etc.

Usage:

Police Force - crimes Armed Forces- incidents, missions Forensic service

Example of use:

This is a print screen of a case study which I did about the Duneblane Massacre of 1996. In this case study I had to gather information about what actually happened to get an overview of this incident. I had to make sure that the websites I gathered the information from were reliable.

Observations

Overview:

Definition: A method of data collection in which the situation of interest is watched and the relevant facts, actions and behaviours are recorded. Source: http://marketing.about.com/od/marketingglossary/g/observationdef.htm

Advantages:

Primary source- reliable as you witness it personally  Gives you an overview of what happened as you can take eyewitness events into account. Notice other things that you might not normally notice because you are studying things harder such as pictures etc.  Response to the incidents is faster. Interception- listening to phone calls watching people etc.

Disadvantages:

Time it takes to observe people and watch there every moves etc. The cost of the observation as you have to pay police officer to sit in cars Money for value, paying police to sit around in a car all day watching a door isn’t worth the cost as they are trained for much more effective operations Back up maybe required therefore become a rush and shortens the amount of officer for other crimes. Could lead to false judgment as the could think that somebody doing something that there not.

Usage:

Police force- watch suspects Armed forces- reconnaissance drones MI5- terrorists Fire service-

Example of use: Jean Charles De Menezes

Jean Charles de Menezes (7 January 1978 – 22 July 2005) was a Brazilian man shot in the head seven times at Stockwell tube station on the London Underground by the London Metropolitan police. He was misidentified as one of the fugitives involved in the previous day's failed bombing attempts. These events took place two weeks after the London bombings of 7 July 2005, in which 56 people died. The shooting became particularly controversial because later police and media accounts contradicted each other, specifically regarding Menezes's manner and clothing as he entered the station, and whether there had been any police warnings before the firing. The death sparked an intense public debate over an apparent change in police policy, in which a shoot to kill practice known as “Operation Kratos” had been introduced to deal with terrorist threats. Because of the controversy the codename "Operation Kratos" was dropped in 2007, but the policy continues. On the day of the shooting, the police were hunting four men believed to be involved in the failed bombing attempts the day before. Intelligence had linked the men to a block of flats in Tulse Hill, south London, the same building in which Menezes was living. Police put the communal entrance under surveillance, and on the morning of the shooting, saw Menezes leave the building. Plain clothes officers, armed with pistols, followed him as he took a bus to Brixton tube station, before boarding another to Stockwell tube station because the tube station at Brixton was closed. Specialist firearms officers were called to Stockwell. Just after Menezes entered a train, several officers wrestled him to the ground and fired no fewer than seven bullets into his head at point blank range. The train was still at the platform with its doors open, having just been evacuated by officers.

Questionnaires

Overview:

Definition: “A form containing a set of questions, especially one addressed to a statistically significant number of subjects as a way of gathering information for a survey”. Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/questionnaire

Advantages:

Get to ask as many questions are required. Right questions, Clear questions. Personal question. Get opinions facts/ open closed. Different types of questions

Disadvantages:

Questions need to be relevant People might be offended by the questions, such as personal or inappropriate questions If the question are not clear people may answer the incorrectly

Usage:

The police would use a questionnaire if they are asking people about crime rates and if they think they have increased or decreased, or to see if they think the police are being effective. The Armed Forces use a questionnaire when soldiers are returning from duty. When a soldier has returned from duty, they have to answer a questionnaire about there time in wherever they had been stationed, about the conditions and how they were looked after during their time away etc.   Both of these public services also use questionnaires in the selection processes.

Example of use:

This is a questionnaire the Armed Forces use in their recruitment process.

Interviews

Overview:

Definition: A formal meeting in person, especially one arranged for the assessment of the qualifications of an applicant. A conversation, such as one conducted by a reporter, in which facts or statements are elicited from another. Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/interview

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Usage:

Example of use: